Theme Of Dualism In Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde - 972 Words

In 1886 Robert Louis Stevenson wrote a best selling novel, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. It told the terrifying story of the power of addiction and the monsters that lurk within all of humanity. In this story many readers are intrigued by the psychological depth that Stevenson puts into the duo of Dr. Jekyll and his alternate personality Mr. Hyde, and even today the names of this alternating couple have become a kind of parable for any â€Å"devil in disguise†. The theme of dualisms main role is proven in this story as the theme when Jekyll undergoes radical changes in his emotional state and personality and assumes the character of Hyde. Through these changes, Stevenson portrays the duality of human nature and moral standard, and as Henry Jekyll†¦show more content†¦In the novel, Hyde is repeatedly described as not human, and is associated with satan strictly because he differs from all other humanity. Hyde is an unmixed essence of evil, unlike all other humanity in whic h they posses degrees of both good and evil. Stevenson emphasizes the evil side of Mr. Hyde, which caused the â€Å"imprint of deformity and decay† in his appearance. Even Jekyll describes Mr. Hyde as a â€Å"child of Hell† in whom â€Å"nothing lived but fear and hatred†. Jekyll denies any responsibility for Hyde‘s actions, yet recalls his faint awareness of each experience. In retrospect, Mr. Hyde was not the antagonist. He had just slowly been transformed into a slave of the disgraceful pleasures of Dr. Jekyll, and given a name. What really sets Hyde’s identity apart from the rest of humanity is that he is engulfed in Dr. Jekyll’s evil and it consumes his personality leaving him with nothing but wickedness. In that sense, he is a full personality. Jekyll makes a clear account of being aware that Hyde was within him, even though Hyde is utterly aloof to Jekyll. In an article, Gish states that, â€Å"Hyde is neither unconscious nor represse d, and Jekyll does not create him; Jekyll merely allows him to be released† (â€Å"Jekyll and Hyde†). Therefore, the character is doubled, not halved, since Hyde has none of his character. Later in the story, Jekyll begins toShow MoreRelatedJekyll And Hyde Dualism Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pageswould be â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.† This novella deals with many themes that intertwine together to form a complex idea of dualism. It has aspects from personality division and the ultimate question of how good and evil can tie into Victorian society’s view of public and private life. Stevenson the personalities of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, with evil and good aspects as well as the public and private life to demonstrate a clear understanding of dualism. In the novella Stevenson drawsRead MoreJekyll And Hyde Character Analysis968 Words   |  4 PagesStrange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, explores the duality of human nature. He writes this novel to show us that humans have split personalities, and that there are two sides to human’s personality: good and evil. In the late-Victorian literature, duality appears to be a common theme; serving as a way for modern readers to analyze late-Victorian literature and culture. Stevenson weaves throughout the novel a theme of duality + which appears in the characters of both Jekyll and Hyde as well as inRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1012 Words   |  5 PagesRobert Louis Stevenson’s â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is a classic Victorian tale of good and evil. The novel tells the story of Dr. Henry Jekyll, a respected scientist who so desperately needs to separate his morality from his self-indulgence. Aware of the evil side of his own being, he seeks to be free of it through scientific experiments resulting into the â€Å"bestial† Mr. Hyde. It’s a simple tale about the good and evil that exist in all of us. Through his brilliance, StevensonRead MoreGood Vs Evil : Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbut instead the mirror hails Snow White. Then, the Queen transforms into a witch in order to be the fairest of them all, similar to the Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde transformation. Dr. Jekyll transforms to Mr. Hyde in order to change identities. Both stories, share the idea of dualism or the idea of being two different people and both characters, the Queen and Dr. Jekyll, have one side presenting good acts, and other side presenting evil acts. These stories are also similar because they both written inRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1619 Words   |  7 PagesCase of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† by Robert Louis Stevenson, published in 1886, is a glimpse back in time to the Victorian era. The novella highlights the Victorian morality and the Victorian model of life. The key features of Vic torian morality include a set of moral values pillared in sexual restraints, low tolerance policies on crimes and a strict social code of conduct. Dr. Jekyll is a respected member living in the Victorian society, who abides to all the rules and regulations. Mr. Hyde is hisRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde : Literary Review1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Literary Review The Romantic era was plagued with class conflict, poverty, and labor issues. The Victorian novel allows those who had access to them discover and focus on moral issues with society. Among the novel that were created during the era, the genre of a gothic novella emerged. Well knowns gothic novellas included Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Stevenson’s gothic novella The StrangeRead MoreDuality Of Human Nature949 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most predominant themes in literature is the duality of human nature. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dualism is a view of human beings as constituted of two irreducible elements. Many pieces of literature concentrate on how every human possesses an animalistic and barbarous nature. In the novel The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, and the short story William Wilson by Edgar Allan Poe, the ideaRead MoreThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde1147 Words   |  5 PagesIn the Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde it is regarded that these identities are two different persons but this is not the case, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are one in the same. There is much confusion when reading this literary work by Robert Louis Stevenson; this piece is regarded as horrific and disturbing in many ways. But the biggest twist is when it is reveled to the reader that these two people are the same and that below the surface of Dr.Jekyll is an evil man who enjoys committing evil

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1726 Words

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was once considered a rare disease, but today, it is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders present among society. OCD is described as â€Å"intrusive thoughts or images (obsessions), which increase anxiety, and by repetitive or ritualistic actions (compulsions), which decrease anxiety† (Stein, 2002). In the DSM-IV, Obsessive compulsive disorder can be diagnosed through observable behaviours or repetitive mental habits. Symptoms include; the constant washing of hands, and/or fears concerning danger to others or to self – resulting in frequent paranoia. OCD has been linked with lesions in various neurological circuits of the brain due to the consumption of dopamine agonists (for example, cocaine). In order for obsessive compulsive disorder to take clinical significance, dysfunction and distress must follow symptoms. The treatment of OCD was initially developed in the Freudian era, as psychoanalytical treatment was seen as th e most effective treatment at the time for mind management. Conversely, recent empirical evidence proved otherwise. Pharmacological therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy, also known as systematic desensitization are nowadays the most prominent remedies used in treating obsessive compulsive disorder. Pharmacological treatment is based on the evidence that serotonin is a key chemical involved in obsessive compulsive disorder. Studies have proven that serotonin based antidepressants have been evidently effective.Show MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Homosexuality in America Free Essays

Despite the United States progress toward homosexual liberation in the past few years, anti-gay and lesbian attitudes are still showing their ugly faces. Violence towards homosexuals is on the rise, conversion groups are popping up everywhere, conflict over homosexuality innateness is high, religious and personal discrimination is rampant: all this in a time when more and more gays and lesbians are coming out and their coming out at younger ages. It is a time in America when we need to support the homosexual community. We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jamie Nabozny, now an openly gay man, was a troubled teenager who ttempted suicide three times and had frequently stayed in psychiatric wards. In high school he was tortured with emotional and physical violence from his peers. On one occasion in his freshmen year, two boys attacked him in the bathroom. He fell into the urinal and the boys proceeded to urinate on him. I just remember sitting there, waiting for it to get over with, recalled Nabozny (Jerome, 1). The school did nothing to prevent the harassment. Later, in his junior year, he was beaten so severely that he had to undergo exploratory abdominal surgery. Nabozny decided to sue the school district. The case was thrown out, but when he appealed to the federal courts, they decided a school could be sued for not preventing harassment. The district settled out of court, paying Nabozny $900,000 (Jerome, 5). Willi Wagner, a gay teenager who came out in ninth grade, was also harassed. Most of the time the abuse was verbal, and he was always ready with a comeback. Theyd call me a faggot and Id call them a hick, Wagner said. However, things did become violent. When Wagner and some friends were walking down the street, two vehicles stopped beside them and eight boys jumped out. Five of the boys formed a circle around Wagner, while the others beat him, leaving him with two black eyes, a broken nose and many bruises. I could feel my nose crack. It wasnt a good feeling, Wagner said of the incident. Two of the boys were put on probation for the incident; not near enough punishment for the crime (Jerome, 3). Incidents like these are quite common. In fact, one study showed that while the overall crime rate decreased four percent, anti-gay crimes rose seven percent (Peyser, 1). Another study, conducted by the Massachusetts Department of Education, found that, for homosexuals, the igh school years are filled with abuse, some of it self-inflicted. Gay and lesbian teenagers are five times more likely to use cocaine or skip school out of fear for safety than straight kids. Over thirty six percent of homosexual teens will attempt suicide each year (Jerome, 1). Conversion groups, usually run by religious denominations, are becoming more widespread. The goal of these groups is to convert homosexuals into heterosexuals, and in the meantime save them from the pits of hell. Conversion groups thrive on the idea that homosexuality is a choice, something about a person that can be changed. Some programs include butching up the men and feminizing the women. This is done by taking the males to sporting events and having make-up or shopping parties for females, or by pairing them with heterosexual mentors to show them the way to act. Others have gays and lesbians imagine members of the same sex as diseased, or perform exorcisms.. These programs say they have about a one-third success rate, success being when a homosexual is cured, that is when he or she no longer acts on urges (Schoofs, 2). Often, however, these therapies end up doing more harm than good, as hey did for Jeffrey Coates. He had been raised to believe that gay men go to hell. So after his first sexual experience with a man, Coates joined a twenty week conversion program called Desert Stream. He was recognized for making excellent progress in his group, even though he admitted that he felt absolutely no different inside.. He continued to try to become heterosexual until he finally decided suicide was less of a sin than same-sex relationships. He drank heavily one night and drove home on a narrow road, hoping to drive into the canyon. Fortunately, he made it home alive (Schoofs, 1). Now Coates is comfortable with his sexuality and does not regret his conversion experience merely because it helped him come to terms with himself. Another man, Brandon Bauer, could not be accepted as gay by his Mormon peers. He attempted suicide at age seventeen, and soon after, he was admitted into therapy under a Mormon psychologist. He told Bauer that he was under Satans influence, that Satan was making him believe that he could not change. Bauers parents were instructed to remove all magazines that might contain male underwear models and to time his showers to prevent im from masturbating. He was told that God could forgive a murderer, but He could never forgive a homosexual. It haunts me to this day, he said. Bauer began to live a double life, one as a heterosexual with kids and a wife, and another as a homosexual who drinks and has sex. Despite the fact that he now accepts his sexuality, he admits that conversion therapy has permanently scarred him (Schoofs, 3). Many people wonder if these therapies actually work. This issue was addressed by Ariel Shidlo and Michael Schroeder, two New York psychologists. In their study, they found that five out of one hundred and fifty people tested are happy with their conversion, but each of these people still have homosexual urges (Miller, 2). It may be concluded that homosexuals are not cured but merely suppressing their feelings. Often, as in the case of Kelly Kirby, the attendees end up meeting their future partners at the conversion meetings (Schoofs, 4). These ministries actually act as a transition place for many people to come out and accept their gayness, says Jeffrey Coates (Schoofs, 5). The gay curing movement is spreading because of actions like the Christian Coalition and the Family Research Councils joint effort in launching a $200,000 ad campaign. The full-page ads feature photographs of ex-gays, talk about the physical and spiritual consequences of sin and offer the solution of conversion therapy. This kinder, gentler homophobia was the brainchild of Janet Folger, who on Nightline, confessed to supporting laws that criminalize homosexual sex, proving to some the true anti-gay hate behind the facade of Christian love (Schoofs, 1). In a study administered by Gallup, only thirteen percent of Americans onsidered homosexuality as innate in 1977. By 1996, that number had climbed to thirty one percent. The study also found that Americans are twice as likely to accept homosexuality if they believe it was not a choice (Schoofs, 2). So, is it a choice Scientific evidence says no. The evidence we now have strongly suggests that this is determined. Its not purely genetic, but there doesnt seem to be any choice in the matter. One thing that is clear is that the brain of homosexuals and heterosexuals appear to be different. Studies suggest that homosexuals in many cases developed neurologically in a ay that made them more likely to become homosexual, reported University of Massachusetts (Amherst) professor of neuroscience Geert J. De Vries (Jerome, 2). More simply put, Ask some straight guy to imagine what it would be like if he was told, You cant love women and now youre going to have to love a guy. Tell em that, and then they get it, says Dave Lemon, a man who tried for years to become heterosexual (Schoofs, 2). If it were a choice, why would someone choose it Despite improvements in openness, such as the public coming out of Ellen Degeneres, many still say homosexuality is wrong. They might point to anatomy. Our bodies are not made for homosexual sex, says Michael Johnston, president of the Kerusso Ministry, The anus was not to be penetrated (Schoofs, 3). What most people dont seem to realize is that many heterosexuals practice anal sex, and that many gay men (not to mention lesbians) never do. Joseph Nicolosi, cofounder of NARTH, a secular psychological organization, said, I think the penis was made for a vagina: I dont think it was made for another mans rectum. When Nicolosi was asked if the penis was made for the hand or the mouth, other body arts where the penis is often found, he answered sharply, I dont want to get into that (Schoofs, 4). Some insist it is morally wrong or they point to the Bible, taking the Scripture literally, and say it is a sin. Many believe marriage and relationships are to be between a man and a woman. Some Americans are concerned that the homosexual community will encourage their children to be gay or lesbian. The Boy Scouts recently fought to ban gay scoutmasters. Scout spokesman Gregg Sheilds said, A homosexual is not a role model for traditional family values (Peyser, 2). As for the religious iscrimination, The gay and lesbian community is still the community you can blatantly attack and then hide behind the Bible, said Rebecca Isaacs, political director of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (Revival of Hatred, 1). America is currently in a period of backward thinking, the one step back after our two steps forward. Tolerance is the only way the United States can become united at all. We must overcome our differences, end discrimination and join this fight together. No one deserves to be mistreated as homosexuals are today. Remember that all men were created equal- even gay men. 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Training And Education In Area Of Cultural â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Training And Education In Area Of Cultural? Answer: Introducation Training and education in the area of cultural competence for nurses in the area of mental health nursing has been a priority. The impact of the education in cultural sensitivity has been positive and more people from ethnic minorities have been able to access culturally appropriate care. The stigma attached to mental illness in many cultures made this area a priority. Patient centric approach has made effective implementation of culturally competent care reality. But continuous evaluation and better policy inputs are needed to improve training and research in this area. The necessity of culturally competent nursing for mentally ill patients is important Business of their higher vulnerability. Linguistic barriers, different approaches to mental illness in different cultures makes health care delivery to people from diverse cultural backgrounds a challenge. Several educational interventions have been made to improve nursing in mental health so that culturally sensitive delivery of care becomes possible. The impact of these interventions on the quality of care and the change in skills and attitudes of staff towards the patients needs to be evaluated.(Bhui, Warfa, Edonya, McKenzie, Bhugra, 2007). There is more awareness among nurses to be culturally competent when delivering care to people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Factors other than education in cultural competence have also had a positive impact on patient outcomes. These are inclusion of interpreters and community health workers in the team that provides healthcare (Lie, Lee-Rey, Gomez, Bereknyei, Braddock, 2011). Studies on reduction in health disparities due to culturally competent healthcare services are required to see whether the training in this area is adequate. The responsibilities of a mental health nurse include proper communication, empathy with the patient, interaction with the patient's family and in case of the patient coming from an ethnic minority or another linguistic group, these tasks require more sensitivity and recognition of a complex interplay of cultural issues (de Aguiar, et al., 2012). The need for cultural competence in mental health nursing is understood since long and remains on the agenda of policy makers but there is little knowledge about the kind of training and its actual impact while treating patients. This challenge has increased due to the high incidence of mental health illnesses among immigrants from diverse cultural backgrounds. A study reports effective treatment of Latino immigrants suffering from depression through psychotherapy. Psychotherapy requires extensive verbal interaction in home therapy sessions by nurses trained in providing culturally adapted care. The success of the program in a US setting demonstrates that training in cultural competence has had a favourable outcome for patients. Better patient outcomes have been achieved in Latino mothers with young infants, through home-based, short term interventions by culturally trained nurses. Decrease in depressive symptoms was observed just four weeks after the intervention was started. The po sitive impact of cultural competence among nurses was clearly observed during the study(Beeber, et al., 2010). Improvement in skills and attitudes of the trained staff have undergone a change. But a study on the impact of training in cultural competence has suggested that more quantitative studies are needed on aspects of patient outcomes (Bhui, Warfa, Edonya, McKenzie, Bhugra, 2007). A multicultural mental health awareness scale was used to the assess whether the training for nurses in cultural competency among Portugese speaking nurses working to improve the mental health of immigrants was effective. It was found that it did have a positive impact on service delivery (De Almeida Vieira Monteiro, 2016). The literature has examples of negative experiences faced by patients with disabilities have been studied and based on the responses received from patients during personal interviews few examples of cultural disparities were summarised during a study (Roscigno, 2013). Truong et al. have reported that access to healthcare by the mentally ill people from ethnic minorities is more likely when t hey are sure that there is respect for their culture, values and beliefs (Truong, Paradies, Priest, 2014). The impact of culturally sensitive, patient centric care is likely to make healthcare within reach of people suffering from mental health issues in an unfamiliar country or state. The numbers of immigrants and people from other cultures are growing in several regions around the world, so their mental health needs are also public health issue. A lot of work in the re of culturally competent mental health care delivery is still required. It is clear that the impact of training when imparted has improved patient outcomes. But there is still room for improvement in understanding, regular demonstration and systematic teaching of the skills that lead to more well rounded cultural competence. The need to establish and raise standards in this area is a pertinent requirement. Differential and inequitable health outcomes and rising disease burden among the mentally ill from ethnic groups in different geographies will remain a problem if policy and delivery in this area is not strengthened through increased research funding(Nardi, Waite, Killian, 2012). In conclusion, it is true that the impact of cultural competence training in mental health care has been largely positive. Most nurses are trained in this aspect of nursing. But few areas continue to demand attention. The paucity of research in collecting quantitative evidence with regard to patient outcomes through patient feedback needs to be concentrated upon. Respect towards their culture has encouraged people from cultural minorities to seek treatment. Setting up of standards in the area of cultural competence education needs attention. The inequities in mental health care delivery that remain can be removed only when better policy on research and education is framed and implemented and there is global uniformity in this area. References Beeber, L., Holditch-Davis, D., Perreira, K., Schwartz, T., Lewis, V., Blanchard, H., . . . Goldman, B. (2010). Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Research in nursing and health, 33(1):60-76. doi: 10.1002/nur.20363. Bhui, K., Warfa, N., Edonya, P., McKenzie, K., Bhugra, D. (2007). Cultural competence in mental health care: a review of model evaluations. BMC Health Services Research, 7:15.doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-7-15. de Aguiar, M., Lima, H., Braga, V., Pinheiro, P., AKB, Ximenes, L. (2012). Nursing competencies for health promotion in the mental health context. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 25(2):doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000900025 . De Almeida Vieira Monteiro, A. P. (2016). Cultural competence in mental health nursing: validity and internal consistency of the Portuguese version of the multicultural mental health awareness scaleMMHAS. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 149 doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0848-z. Lie, D., Lee-Rey, E., Gomez, A., Bereknyei, S., Braddock, C. (2011). Does cultural competency training of health professionals improve patient outcomes? A systematic review and proposed algorithm for future research. Journal of general internal medicine, 26(3):317-25. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1529-0. Epub 2010 Oct 16. Nardi, D., Waite, R., Killian, P. (2012). Establishing Standards for Culturally Competent Mental Health Care. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 50(7):3-5 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20120608-01 . Roscigno, C. I. (2013). Challenging Nurses Cultural Competence of Disability to Improve Interpersonal Interactions. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing?: Journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, 45(1), 2137. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews. BMC Health Services Research, 14, 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-99.